Interview Questions Page 25
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251 What does -1 mean in an extended IPX access-list?
A.) Any IP address
B.) Deny all
C.) Deny host
D.) Any host or any network
Ans D
For IPX access lists, the -1 is a wildcard that signifies Any Host or Any Network.
252 What parameter is used with statically assigned routers to tell packets which interface
to use to reach a distant network?
A.) Mask
B.) Subnet
C.) Default gateway
D.) Interface
Ans D
The interface parameter tell a packet which interface to use to reach other networks.
253 Which of the following protocols are used to get an IP address from a known MAC
address?
A.) BootP
B.) TCP
C.) IP
D.) ARP
E.) RARP
F.) ICMP
Ans A E
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol - RARP is ARP's counterpart, but it resolves IP addresses
to MAC addresses typically on diskless workstations. BootP allows a host to resolves it's own
MAC address to an IP address.
254 What does the Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) do?
A.) Restore lost frames
B.) Builds routing tables for routing through an internetwork
C.) Forward packets through a switch
D.) STA is implemented by STP to prevent loops
Ans D
IEEE 8021.d Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) was developed to prevent routing loops in a network.
If a router, switch, or hub has more then one path to the same destination, a routing problem
could occur. To prevent this, the Spanning Tree Protocol is executed between the devices to
detect and logically block redundant paths from the network. The main function of the Spanning
Tree Protocol is to allow redundant network paths without suffering the effects of loops in the
network.
The Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) implemented by STP prevents loops by calculating a stable
Spanning Tree network topology. When creating fault tolerant internetworks, a loop-free path must exist between all Ethernet nodes in the network. Spanning Tree frames called Bridge
Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) are sent and received by all switches in the network at regular
intervals.
255 IP extended access lists use which of the following as a basis for permitting or
denying packets?
A.) destination address
B.) all of the above
C.) protocol
D.) source address
E.) port
Ans B
All of the above are basis for permitting or denying IP packets for use with an Extended IP access
list.
256 What is the extended IPX access list range?
A.) 901-1000
B.) 100-199
C.) 900-999
D.) 1000-1000
Ans C
Cisco has setup ranges of numbers to signify access lists. 900-999 is the range for the Extended
IPX access lists.
257 CPE is an acronym for which of the following?
A.) Customer Premise Equipment
B.) Central Processing Engineering
C.) Customer Process Equipment
D.) Central Processing Equipment
Ans A
Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) are devices physically located at the subscriber's premises.
Includes both owned and leased equipment.
258 How often does IP RIP send out routing table updates by default?
A.) They send complete updates every 30 seconds
B.) They send partial updates every 30 seconds
C.) They send complete updates every 60 seconds
D.) They send partial updates every 60 seconds
Ans A
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance vector routing protocol that used hop count as it's
metric. The maximum hop count is 15, 16 hops is considered unreachable. RIP updates are
broadcast every 30 seconds by default. RIP has an administrative distance of 120.
259 Which ISDN protocol prefix specifies switching and signaling?
A.) I
B.) E
C.) Q D.) S
Ans C
These protocols deal with ISDN issues:
E - Specifies ISDN on the existing telephone network.
I - Specifies concepts, terminology, and services.
Q - Specifies switching and signalling.
260 CSMA/CD stand for which of the following?
A.) Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection
B.) Collision Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection
C.) Collision Sense, Multiple Access with Carrier Detection
D.) Carrier Sense, MAC address with Collision Detection
Ans A
The IEEE standard for Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection is 802.3. Also know as
Ethernet.
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270 Which of the following are Distant Vector protocols?
A.) IGRP
B.) RIP
C.) OSFP
D.) EIGRP
Ans A B
RIP and IGRP are Distance Vectoring protocols that send their entire routing tables to
their neighbors.
In some Cisco literature, EIGRP is listed as an 'advanced distance vector' routing
protocol. However, the official curriculum courseware considers EIGRP a 'hybrid'
protocol.
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271 UDP works at which layer of the DOD model?
A.) Internet
B.) Host-to-Host
C.) Transport
D.) Data Link
Ans B
The TCP/IP Transport Layer (OSI) and Host to Host (DOD) protocols use TCP and UDP.
272 Of the following switching types, which one has the lowest latency?
A.) Cut-through B.) Fragment Free
C.) None
D.) Store-and-forward
Ans A
Cut-Through switching copies only the destination address which is the first 6 bytes after the
frame preamble into its buffer. The LAN switch then looks up the destination address in its
switching table and determines the outgoing interface. The frame is then sent to the interface. A
cut-through switch provides reduced latency because it begins to forward the frame as soon as it
read the destination address and determines the outgoing interface.
273 What is an administrative distance of 0 mean?
A.) 0 means unbelievable
B.) 0 is for EIGRP
C.) 0 is the default distance for directly connected networks
D.) 0 means unreachable
Ans C
Directly connected network have the lowest administrative distance of 0. They are considered the
most reliable.
274 Which of the following describe full-duplex transmission?
A.) Uses a single wire
B.) Data transmission in only both directions, but only one way at a time
C.) Uses a point-to-point connection from the transmitter of the transmitting station to the receiver
of the receiving station
D.) Data transmission in only one direction
Ans C
Full Duplex - Capability for simultaneous data transmission between a sending station and a
receiving station. It requires a workstation be attached to a switch, the NIC must support it, and
collision detection and loopback must be disabled.
275 Which of the following is a connectionless protocol at the Transport layer?
A.) UDP
B.) ARP
C.) ICMP
D.) RARP
E.) IP
F.) FTP
Ans A
User Datagram Protocol - UDP is a connectionless oriented transport protocol for use when the
upper layers provide error-recovery and reliability. UDP does not sequence data or re-assemble it
into any order after transmission. This protocol uses Port 17.
276 What is the routing metric used by IGRP?
A.) MTU, delay, bandwidth, reliability, and loading
B.) Count to infinity
C.) TTL
D.) Hop count Ans A
IGRP is a distance vector routing protocol designed by Cisco. The maximum hop count is 255,
and it uses a combination of variables to determine a composite metric. IGRP has an
administrative distance of 100.
277 What does 'P' mean when running a Trace?
A.) Good route
B.) Protocol unreachable
C.) Source Quench
D.) Destination unreachable
Ans B
When a P is returned when a Trace is run, it means the Protocol is unreachable.
278 What is the Network Layer of the OSI responsible for?
A.) Bridging
B.) Routing packets through an internetwork
C.) Regenerating the digital signal
D.) Gateway services
Ans B
The Network Layer routes data from one node to another, sends data from the source network to
the destination network. The router will use packet switching to move a packet from one interface
or port, to another through the network cloud.
279 Which layer is responsible for routing through an internetwork?
A.) Physical
B.) Session
C.) Network
D.) Transport
E.) Application
F.) Data Link
Ans C
The Network layer is responsible for routing. This is the primary job of routers, which operate at
the Network layer.
280 What three occurrences will reset the holddown timer after a triggered update?
A.) Infinity is finally defined as some max number
B.) HD Timer expires
C.) Another update is received indicating a better metric
D.) The router receives a processing task proportional to the number of links in the internetwork
E.) The router detects fault LSP's propagating through the internetwork
F.) Another update is received indicating net status changed
Ans B D F
The HD Timer expires, another update is received indicating net status change, or if the router
receives a processing task proportional to the number of links in the internetwork, this reset the
holddown timer. These are all triggered updates. CCNA Interview Questions Page 28
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281 Which layer is responsible for putting 1s and 0s into a logical group?
A.) Session
B.) Application
C.) Transport
D.) Data Link
E.) Physical
F.) Network
Ans D
Frames are broken down into 1s and 0s and placed onto the physical medium by the Data Link
layer.
282 How many LMI types are available on Cisco routers?
A.) Four
B.) Two
C.) Five
D.) Three
Ans D
There are three types of LMI standards:
ANSI - Annex D defined by ANSI standard T1.617
ITU-T (Q.933A) - Annex A defined by Q933A
Cisco (default) - LMI defined by the gang of four
283 Which layer is responsible for framing?
A.) Application
B.) Data Link
C.) Physical
D.) Network
E.) Transport
Ans B
The Data link layer performs the following: Responsible for physically passing data from one node
to another. Translates messages from the upper layers into data frames and adds customized
headers containing the Hardware destination and source address.
284 What ISDN protocol specifies concepts, terminology, and services?
A.) Q
B.) S
C.) I
D.) E
Ans C
These protocols deal with ISDN issues:
E - Specifies ISDN on the existing telephone network.
I - Specifies concepts, terminology, and services.
Q - Specifies switching and signalling.
285 What is the purpose of Split Horizon? A.) It prevents the regular update messages from reinstating a route that has gone down
B.) Information received on an interface cannot be sent back out the same interface
C.) Informs all neighbor routers that two routes exist
D.) Tells the router the destination is unreachable
Ans B
Split Horizon - If you learn a protocol’s route on an interface, do not send information about that
route back out that interface.
286 WAN stands for which of the following?
A.) Wide Arena Network
B.) World Area Network
C.) Wide Area News
D.) Wide Area Network
Ans D
WAN stands for Wide Area Network
287 Which of the following provide connection-oriented transport to upper layer
protocols?
A.) SPX
B.) RIP
C.) NLSP
D.) NCP
Ans A
SPX is similar to TCP in that is provides reliable delivery of packets and provides connectionoriented
transport to the upper layer protocols.
288 Which two does 100BaseT use?
A.) CSMA/CD
B.) IEEE 802.5
C.) 802.3u
D.) Switching with 53-byte cells
Ans A C
100BaseT - 100BaseT uses two-pair Category 5 UTP cable with an RJ45 connector and the
same pin out as in 10BaseT. 100BaseT supports full duplex operation. 100BaseT is limited to 100
meters distance.
289 Which layer is responsible for flow control, acknowledgement, and windowing?
A.) Transport
B.) Network
C.) Application
D.) Session
E.) Physical
F.) Data Link
Ans A
The Transport layer performs the following: Responsible for end-to-end integrity of data
transmission. Handles multiplexing upper-layer application, session establishment and tear down of virtual circuits. Hides details of network dependent info from the higher layers by providing
transparent data transfer. The 'windows' works at this level to control how much information is
transferred before an acknowledgement is required.
290 Which of the following is used to manage and monitor the network?
A.) SNMP
B.) HTTP
C.) IP
D.) FTP
Ans A
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used to manage and monitor traps.
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291 What is true about Link-State protocols?
A.) They maintain a more complex table than distant vector protocols
B.) They maintain a less complex table than distant vector protocols
C.) They use routing ports
D.) The maintain backup copies of the IOS
Ans A
Whereas the distance vector algorithm has non-specific information about distant networks and
no knowledge of distant routers, a link-state routing algorithm maintains full knowledge of distant
routers and how they interconnect.
292 The maximum distance on a 10BaseT network from the hub to a workstation is which
of the following?
A.) 500 meters
B.) 1000 meters
C.) 100 meters
D.) 1500 meters
Ans C
The standard for 10BaseT networks is 100 meters, or approximately 330 feet.
293 Which of the following use PVCs at layer 2?
A.) X.25
B.) HDLC
C.) Frame relay
D.) ISDN
Ans C
Of the above choices, only Frame relay uses Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs) at layer 2. PVC is
the key word in this question.
294 What is the routing algorithm used by RIP and IGRP?
A.) OSPF
B.) Link-state
C.) Dynamic D.) Distance Vector
Ans D
Distance vector-based routing algorithms (also known as Bellman-Ford algorithms) pass periodic
copies of a routing table from router to router. Regular updates between routers communicate
topology changes. Each router receives a routing table from it's direct neighbor and increments
all learned routes by one. By this method, each router learns the internetwork topology via
second hand information.
295 Which layer is responsible for negotiating data transfer syntax?
A.) Network
B.) Session
C.) Application
D.) Transport
E.) Presentation
Ans E
The Presentation layer performs the following: Manages data representation conversions, or data
transfer syntax. For example, the Presentation layer would be responsible for converting from
EDCDIC to ASCII. Data compression, decompression, encryption, and decryption are
presentation layer. Presentation layer standards include MPEG, MIDI, PICT, TIFF, JPEG, ASCII,
and EBCDIC
296 What are hold-downs used for?
A.) To prevent regular update messages from reinstating a route that has come back up
B.) Information received on an interface cannot be sent back out the same interface
C.) To prevent regular update messages from reinstating a route that has gone down
D.) To hold the routing table from being sent to another router
Ans C
Hold-Down Timers - Routers ignore network update information for some period.
297 Which of the following protocols are used for logical network addressing?
A.) IP
B.) TCP
C.) ARP
D.) ICMP
E.) RARP
F.) BootP
Ans A
Internet Protocol - IP provides routing and a single interface to the upper layers. No upper layer
protocol and now lower layer protocol have any functions relating to routing. IP receives
segments from the transport layer and fragments them into packets including the hosts IP
address. IP addressing is logical, not physical.
298 Which can be logged by IPX extended access lists?
A.) source address
B.) protocol
C.) source socket
D.) access list number
E.) destination socket F.) destination address
Ans A B C D E F
All of the above can be logged by IPX extended access lists.
299 Put the following steps of encapsulation into the correct order:
1) The data is broken into segments to be organized
2) Frames are converted to 1s and 0s to be put on the wire
3) Packets are converted into frames
4) Information that users enter is converted into data
5) The segments are changed to packets to be routed
A.) 4, 1, 3, 2, 5
B.) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2
C.) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5
D.) 4, 1, 5, 3, 2
Ans D
Follow the steps through the Layers of the OSI model to get the answer. Watch the key words in
each line to help you determine the steps.
300 Which port numbers are used by TCP and UDP to set up sessions with other hosts?
A.) 1024 and above
B.) 6 and 17 respectively
C.) 1-25
D.) 6-17
Ans A
TCP and UDP use random port number above 1023 for establishing communications.
