A.) Handles access to shared media
B.) Manages protocol access to the physical network medium
C.) Provides SAPs for higher level protocols
D.) Allows multiple devices to uniquely identify one another on the data link layer
Ans B D
These are the two primary functions of the MAC layer.
352 Which layer is responsible for coordinating communication between systems?
A.) Application
B.) Network
C.) Session
D.) Transport
E.) Physical
F.) Data Link
Ans C
The Session layer performs the following: Responsible for establishing and maintaining
communications channels. In practice, this layer is often combined with the Transport Layer.
Dialog control between devices or nodes. Organizes the communication through simplex, half
and full duplex modes. Deals with connection establishment, data transfer, and connection
release.
353 What is the default CDP broadcast update rate for Cisco routers? A.) 120 seconds
B.) 60 seconds
C.) 30 seconds
D.) 90 seconds
Ans B
Cisco Discovery Protocol is a proprietary protocol to allow you to access configuration information
on other routers and switches with a single command. It uses SNAP at the Data-Link Layer. By
default CDP sends out a broadcast every 60 seconds and it holds this information for 180
seconds. CDP is enabled by default.
354 You need to come up with a TCP/IP addressing scheme for your company. How many
network IDs must you allow for when you define the subnet mask for the network?
A.) One for each WAN link
B.) One for each router interface
C.) One for each NIC installed in each client
D.) One for each subnet with hosts
E.) One for each host ID
Ans A D
When determining Network Ids, you need to take into account each Subnet and Each WAN link
you will have. Add these numbers up and you will find the answer to which Network ID you can
use.
355 What is the protocol number for UDP?
A.) 6
B.) 17
C.) 25
D.) 21
Ans B
User Datagram Protocol - UDP is a connectionless oriented transport protocol for use when the
upper layers provide error-recovery and reliability. UDP does not sequence data or re-assemble it
into any order after transmission. This protocol uses Port 17.
356 What is the default LMI type?
A.) Cisco
B.) ANSI
C.) IETF
D.) Q933a
Ans A
Local Management Interface (LMI) was developed in 1990. LMI messages provide information
about the current DLCI values, the global or local significance of the DLCI value, and the status of
virtual circuits.
There are three types of LMI standards:
ANSI - Annex D defined by ANSI standard T1.617
ITU-T (Q.933A) - Annex A defined by Q933A
Cisco (default) - LMI defined by the gang of four
357 You have two Cisco routers setup back-to-back in a lab using DTE/DCE cables. To
which router would you add the clockrate command? A.) The serial port on the DCE router
B.) The Ethernet port on the DTE router
C.) The Ethernet port on the DCE router
D.) The serial port on the DTE router
Ans A
In order to connect routers back-to-back, a clock rate must be set on the router with the DCE
cable. This will provide the clocking usually performed by a DSU/CSU. It is recommended that a
bandwidth statement be added to the interface because some routing protocols, such as IGRP,
use this to make routing decisions.
358 How does a switch use store and forward?
A.) By using a Class I repeater in a collision domain
B.) The LAN switch copies the entire frame into its onboard buffers and then looks up the
destination address in its forwarding, or switching, table and determines the outgoing interface
C.) By using broadcast addresses as source addresses
D.) The switch waits only for the header to be received before it checks the destination address
and starts forwarding the packets
Ans B
Store-and-Forward switching copies the entire frame into its buffer and computes the CRC. If a
CRC error is detected, the frame is discarded, or if the frame is a runt (less than 64 bytes
including the CRC) or a giant (more than 1518 bytes including the CRC). The LAN switch then
looks up the destination address in its switching table and determines the outgoing interface. The
frame is then forwarded to the outgoing interface. Cisco Catalyst 5000 switches uses the Storeand-Forward
method. The problem with Store-and-Forward switching is latency is increased.
Latency also varies with the size of the frame. The larger the frame, the more latency associated.
This of course is due to the fact that the entire frame is copied into its buffer before being
forwarded.
359 Which of the following are valid WAN terms?
A.) DTE
B.) DCE
C.) Demarc
D.) CPE
Ans A B C D
All of the above are valid WAN terms.
360 Which two describe frame tagging?
A.) Examines particular info about each frame
B.) A unique ID placed in the header of each frame as it traverses the switch fabric
C.) A user- assigned ID defined to each frame
D.) The building of filter tables
Ans B C
Frame identification (frame tagging) uniquely assigns a user-defined ID to each frame. This
technique was chosen by the IEEE standards group because of its scalability.
In this approach, a unique user-defined identifier is placed in the header of each frame as it's
forwarded throughout the switch fabric. The identifier is understood and examined by each switch prior to any broadcasts or transmissions to switch ports of other switches, router, or end-station
devices. When the frame exits the switch fabric, the switch removes the identifier before the
frame is transmitted to the target end-station.
The following points summarize frame tagging:
Used by Catalyst 3000 and 5000 series switches
Specifically developed for multi-VLAN, inter-switch communication
Places a unique identifier in the header of each frame
Functions at layer 2
Requires little processing or administrative overhead
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361 A ISDN BRI circuit can be described as a which of the following?
A.) 3B channels
B.) 2-64Kbps B channels and 1-16Kbps D channel
C.) none of the above
D.) 2-64Kbps B channels and 1-16Kbps C channel
Ans B
There are two types of ISDN Channels :
BRI (Basic Rate Interface) - is 2 64Kbps B channels for data and one 16Kbps D channel for link
management.
PRI (Primary Rate Interface) - is 23Kbps B channels and 1 64Kbps D channel.
362 The two sublayers of the IEEE Data Link Layer are which of the following?
A.) Link and Logical Control
B.) Data Link and LLC
C.) Logical Link Control and Media Access Control
D.) Data Link and MAC
Ans C
Logical Link Control Sublayer - Acts as a managing buffer between the upper layers and the
lower layers. Uses Source Service Access Points (SSAPs) and Destination Service Access
Points (DSAPs) to help the lower layers talk to the Network Layer.
Media Access Control (MAC) -The MAC sublayer manages protocol access to the physical
network medium. The IEEE MAC specification defines MAC addresses, which allow multiple
devices to uniquely identify one another at the data link layer.
363 The -- terminal no editing -- command will perform what function?
A.) Edit the contents of NVRAM
B.) Allows access to the terminal port
C.) Stops the advanced editing feature
D.) Enable password functions
Ans C
The command to disable advanced editing feature is: Router(config)# terminal no editing
364 Which two of the following are valid ways to have multiple encapsulation types on a
single interface? A.) This is not possible
B.) subinterfaces
C.) additional physical interfaces
D.) secondary addresses
Ans B D
Cisco routers do not allow multiple encapsulation types on a single interface. Therefore, it is
necessary to create either a Secondary Network, or a Subinterface and assign a new
encapsulation type.
365 Which 3 statements describe default encapsulation and LMI type configuration?
A.) There are only four encapsulations and 3 LMI type options
B.) The LMI type config term options
C.) In release 11.3 the LMI type is autosensed
D.) The default LMI is Cisco
E.) IETF encap must be configured unless the connecting routers are both cisco
Ans C D E
The above 3 statements best describe default encapsulation and LMI type configuration for Cisco
routers.
366 Which can be true regarding VLANs?
A.) They are created by location
B.) They are created by function
C.) They are created by department
D.) They are created by group
Ans A B C D
A Virtual LAN (VLAN) is a switched network that is logically segmented by communities of
interest without regard to the physical location of the users. Each port on the switch can belong to
a VLAN. Ports in a VLAN share broadcasts. A VLAN looks like, and is treated like, it's own
subnet.
The benefits of VLANs are as follows:
Simplify moves, adds, and changes
Reduce administrative costs
Have better control of broadcasts
Tighten network security
Microsegment with scalability
Distribute traffic load
Relocate server into secured locations
367 What is true when using DDR?
A.) HDLC is the preferred encapsulation
B.) You must use static routing
C.) You should use dynamic routing
D.) You should use ISDN
Ans B
When using Dial Demand Routing (DDR), static routes must be specified in order to route
packets.
368 If you are running Token Ring with Novell IPX routing, which encapsulation should you use?
A.) SAP
B.) SNAP
C.) 802.5
D.) 802.2
Ans B
Token Ring with Novell IPX routing uses the SNAP protocol, not 802.5.
369 What are the 3 ways routers learn paths to destination networks?
A.) Dynamic
B.) Static
C.) Routing tables
D.) Default
Ans A B D
There are three methods in which routers can learn paths to destination networks, they are:
1) Static - The administrator manually enters the routes.
2) Dynamic - A routing protocol is used.
3) Default - A gateway of last resort is set.
370 Bridges work at what layer of the OSI model?
A.) Data Link
B.) Network
C.) Physical
D.) Application
Ans A
Bridges work at Layer 2 (Data Link) because they examine the MAC address of the packet which
they base decisions upon.
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371 What is the default switching method for the Cisco 5000 series?
A.) Cut-through
B.) Store-and-splice
C.) Latency
D.) Store-and-forward
Ans D
Store-and-Forward switching copies the entire frame into its buffer and computes the CRC. If a
CRC error is detected, the frame is discarded, or if the frame is a runt (less than 64 bytes
including the CRC) or a giant (more than 1518 bytes including the CRC). The LAN switch then
looks up the destination address in its switching table and determines the outgoing interface. The
frame is then forwarded to the outgoing interface. Cisco Catalyst 5000 switches uses the Storeand-Forward
method. The problem with Store-and-Forward switching is latency is increased.
Latency also varies with the size of the frame. The larger the frame, the more latency associated.
This of course is due to the fact that the entire frame is copied into its buffer before being
forwarded. 372 The benefits to segmenting with Bridges are which of the following?
A.) Scalability
B.) Datagram filtering
C.) Manageability
D.) Reliability
Ans A C D
Manageability, reliability and scalability are all benefits to segmenting with bridges.
373 What is the administrative distance for IGRP?
A.) 90
B.) 120
C.) 110
D.) 100
Ans D
IGRP is a distance vector routing protocol designed by Cisco. The maximum hop count is 255,
and it uses a combination of variables to determine a composite metric. IGRP has an
administrative distance of 100.
374 On an ISDN BRI interface, the control channel is the 'D' channel. What is the rate of
this channel?
A.) 64 Kbps
B.) 1.544 Mbps
C.) 128 Kbps
D.) 2.048 Mbps
E.) 16 Kbps
Ans E
16K for the D channel (control)
64K for the two B channels (data)
375 MIDI and MPEG are examples of what layer of the OSI seven layer model?
A.) Session
B.) Network
C.) Datalink
D.) Transport
E.) Application
F.) Presentation
Ans F
The OSI Presentation layer includes EBCIDIC, ASCII, PICT, GIF, MIDI, and MPEG.
Encryption can also occur at this layer.
376 Which ISDN specification series deals with Concepts and Terminology?
A.) World Series
B.) I- Series
C.) Q-Series
D.) 911-Series
E.) J-Series
F.) F-Series
Ans B The 2 most important ISDN specifications are Q & I:
Q - Call setup and teardown.
I - Concepts and terminology.
377 Which of the following is an example of the Physical Layer?
A.) SQL
B.) IP
C.) LLC
D.) DDP
E.) Ethernet
Ans E
FDDI, Token Ring and Ethernet are all physical layer framing standards.
378 In regards to the ISDN BRI standard, which channel is used for control?
A.) B
B.) D
C.) E
D.) I
E.) Q
Ans B
B is Bearer for Data (2 channels at 64kb each).
D is for Control (16kb).
379 Which protocol resolves an IP address to a MAC address?
A.) DHCP
B.) RARP
C.) ARP
D.) NBP
E.) DNS
Ans C
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) sends out a broadcast to determine the MAC address
from the IP address.
380 Which of the following is an example of the Network Layer?
A.) TCP
B.) IP
C.) SQL
D.) Token Ring
E.) LLC
Ans B
Most protocol suites have different OSI layer protocols within them. At layer 3,
IP is for TCP/IP. TCP is layer 4.
IPX is for IPX/SPX. SPX is layer 4.
DDP is for AppletalkCCNA Interview Questions Page 38
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381 The Internet Control Message Protocol occurs at what layer of the seven layer model?
A.) Physical
B.) Transport
C.) Session
D.) Datalink
E.) Presentation
F.) Network
Ans F
ICMP is used for error handling and testing at layer 3. Ping and traceroute are examples of ICMP.
382 Which of the following are examples of the Session Layer?
A.) IP
B.) Netbios Names
C.) NFS
D.) Token Ring
E.) SQL
F.) TCP
Ans B C E
Session layer examples include Netbios Names, SQL, NFS, X Windows, and RPC.
383 What is the regional telco office called, where the customers local loop terminates?
A.) Demarc
B.) DTE
C.) DCE
D.) CO
E.) CPE
Ans D
The Central Office (CO) is the Telephone Company (Telco) location nearest you.
384 What is the default LMI type for Cisco Routers that are using Frame-Relay?
A.) Gandalf5
B.) Q933A
C.) Cisco
D.) IETF
E.) ARPA
F.) SAP
Ans C
Local Management Interface (LMI) types are Cisco, ANSI, and Q933A.
385 Most routing protocols recognize that it is never useful to send information about a
route back out the direction from which the original packet came. This is an example of
which routing technology?
A.) Split Horizon B.) LMI
C.) Triggered Updates
D.) Poison Reverse
E.) SYN, ACK
F.) DLCI
Ans A
The golden rule of Split Horizon: Do not send any update packet back out the same interface that
it was received or learned from. Poison Reverse is typically used on larger networks, where a
more aggressive routing loop solution is required.
386 Which layer of the 7 layer model is responsible for representing the application
information between 2 different OS's? For example, converting ASCII to EBCIDIC.
A.) Transport
B.) Application
C.) Physical
D.) Session
E.) Presentation
F.) Network
Ans E
The OSI Presentation layer formats the data, which includes encryption services.
387 Which type of switching reads in the entire frame before forwarding it?
A.) Tabling
B.) Store-and-Forward
C.) Inverse ARP
D.) Fast Forward
E.) Cut-Through
F.) Routing
Ans B
Store-and-Forward is slower, but it checks the frame for errors before forwarding. This can
actually help to improve overall network performance on noisy lines.
388 Which OSI Reference Layer is concerned with path determination?
A.) Datalink
B.) Physical
C.) Network
D.) Transport
E.) Session
Ans C
The Network layer is where routing occurs.
389 Which of the following are examples of the Datalink Layer?
A.) LLC
B.) SQL
C.) TCP
D.) Token Ring
E.) IP Ans A
MAC and LLC are the sublayers of the Datalink layer.
390 What is the standard ISDN term for a non-native analog telephone?
A.) TE1
B.) TA
C.) LE
D.) TE2
E.) ET
Ans D
Terminal Equipment 2 (TE2) does not support native digital ISDN. The analog device will require
an external analog to digital converter.
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391 Which Distance Vector characteristic can help to speed up convergence?
A.) Triggered Updates.
B.) Split Horizon.
C.) Poison Reverse.
D.) Hold Down timers.
E.) Inverse ARP.
Ans A
Instead of waiting on a pre-set periodic interval (before sending the routing table), DV routing
protocols can send triggered updates to immediately notify the neighbor routers. Hold down
timers, Poison Reverse, and Split Horizon are features that are used to avoid routing loops.
392 Which type of switching is considered to be 'wire speed?'
A.) Cut-Through
B.) Multiplexed
C.) Inverted
D.) Layer 4
E.) Store and Forward
F.) Layer 3
Ans A
Cut-Through is the fastest mode of switching. Store and Forward reads in the entire frame,
confirms the frame is valid, and then forwards the frame onto the wire. Cut-Through only checks
the destination header in the frame and immediately forwards the frame onto the wire, without
checking the frame to be valid. Layer-3 switching is actually routing.
393 The Datalink layer works with which of the following:
A.) Packets
B.) Bits
C.) Globules
D.) Frames
E.) Segments
Ans D
Physical - bits Datalink - frames
Network - packets
394 What is a characteristic of Store and Forward switches?
A.) They forward the frame before it is completely read.
B.) They work at wire speed.
C.) They are the same a Cut-Through switching.
D.) They read the entire frame and check CRC before forwarding.
E.) They decrease latency.
Ans D
Store and Forward switch will not forward fragments.
The longer the frame, the longer the delay (latency) before the switch can forward.
395 Station A is transmitting data to station B, and expects an acknowledgment after every
400 bytes. After transmitting data for a while, the two stations determine the line is reliable
and change to expecting and acknowledgement every 600 bytes.
This is an example of (pick the best answer only):
A.) BECN
B.) Sliding Windows
C.) Poison Reverse
D.) Countdown timers
E.) Split Horizon
F.) Count to infinity
Ans B
A TCP/IP 'window' is the amount of data (number of bytes) that the sending station will transmit
before expecting an acknowledgement back.
If the stations can change that window size on the fly, that is called a sliding window. This is done
to optimize performance.
396 Which device listed below provides clocking for the line?
A.) DCE
B.) CPE
C.) CO
D.) DTE
E.) Demarc
Ans A
The Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE) is responsible for providing the clocking on the
wire.
HINT: When You see the 'C' in 'DCE', think 'Clocking' t.
397 Which OSI Reference Layer controls application to application communication?
A.) Datalink
B.) Network
C.) Transport
D.) Session
E.) Physical
Ans D
The Session layer controls a conversation between applications. The Transport layer controls communications between hosts.
398 The Datalink Layer is broken down into 2 layers, LLC and MAC. The LLC establishes
media independence and what else?
A.) Provides Windowing.
B.) Provides flow control.
C.) Provides SAP's (Service Access Points).
D.) The Datalink layer does not have sublayers.
E.) Provides SAP's (Service Advertising Protocol).
F.) RIP Updates.
Ans B C
OSI layer-2 SAP allows the upper layers to encapsulate multiple layer 3 protocols.
IPX SAP is a protocol used to advertise NetWare services every 60 seconds.
399 When a Distance Vector routing protocol detects that a connected network has gone
down, it sends out a special routing update packet, telling all directly connected routers
that the distance to the dead network is infinity. This is an example of which routing
technology?
A.) ICMP.
B.) Only Link State routing protocols have this intelligence.
C.) Triggered updates.
D.) Garrison-4.
E.) Split Horizon.
F.) Poison Reverse.
Ans F
Instead of just removing the route from the routing update, Poison Reverse sets the distance to
'infinity' (for IP RIP this is a hop count of 16). This immediately makes the route invalid for all
neighboring routers.
400 Which of the following would be displayed by the command 'SHOW CDP NEIGHBOR
DETAIL'?
A.) The incoming/outgoing port.
B.) The hardware platform.
C.) One address per protocol.
D.) Amount of Flash Memory Available
E.) The routers hostname.
F.) The subnet mask, if IP is configured.
Ans A B C E
CDP shows a lot of the same info that 'show version' does locally, but FLASH memory is not part
of it. The 'detail' keyword is optional, but even when used, IP subnet mask information is not
displayed by CDP for IP interfaces.
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401 Which of the following are characteristics of UDP?
A.) UDP is connection oriented.
B.) UDP is used with TFTP. C.) UDP is unreliable.
D.) UDP is connectionless.
E.) UDP is at the transport layer.
F.) UDP uses no acknowledgements.
Ans B C D E F
UDP sends packets 'blind' down the network, and relies on upper-layer protocols to form
connections and detect errors. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that can provide reliable
transport.
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